When is it permissible to take off a succeeding aircraft from an intersecting runway in a non-radar environment?

• A. When the preceding aircraft is still on the runway
• B. When the preceding aircraft is approaching the intersection
• C. When the preceding aircraft has passed the point of runway intersection
• D. When a gap of 1 minute is observed

Answer: (C)

Taking off a succeeding aircraft from an intersecting runway in a non-radar environment is permissible when the preceding aircraft has passed the point of runway intersection. This ensures that there is a safe separation between the two aircraft, allowing enough time and space for the succeeding aircraft to begin its takeoff without risking a collision or unsafe proximity to the preceding aircraft.

In a non-radar environment, pilots and air traffic controllers rely heavily on visual cues and established separation standards. When the preceding aircraft has completely passed the intersection, air traffic controllers can be certain that the takeoff of the succeeding aircraft will not conflict with the flight path of the first aircraft. This timing helps in maintaining the safety and integrity of air traffic operations, particularly where the intersection of runways poses a potential for conflict.

Ensuring that this separation is met is critical for preventing accidents during takeoff and maintaining the smooth flow of air traffic in controlled airspace. The other options suggest either taking off while the first aircraft is still present on the runway or only approaching the intersection, which would not provide sufficient assurance of safety. A gap of 1 minute is also an insufficient criterion in many cases, as the location of the aircraft relative to the intersection is what truly determines safety.