Which four factors govern the strength of a vortex?

• A. Altitude, wingspan, wing shape, and weight
• B. Wingspan, wing shape, speed, and weight
• C. Speed, wing shape, aircraft type, and altitude
• D. Weight, altitude, speed, and temperature

Answer: (B)

The correct choice highlights the significance of wingspan, wing shape, speed, and weight in determining the strength of an aircraft vortex.

Wingspan is a crucial factor because larger wingspans generate more lift and, consequently, stronger vortices. The wing shape also influences the dynamics of airflow around the wing, affecting how vortices are created. As aircraft speed increases, the circulation around the wings intensifies, leading to stronger vortices; thus, speed is directly tied to vortex strength. Additionally, the weight of the aircraft plays a role—heavier aircraft produce stronger lift and, therefore, more significant vortices.

These four factors collectively define how powerful the wake turbulence will be from a given aircraft, making them essential for understanding and managing aircraft separation and safety in air traffic operations.